diff --git a/app/Services/CertificateService.php b/app/Services/CertificateService.php
index 79dbdb6..af5af60 100644
--- a/app/Services/CertificateService.php
+++ b/app/Services/CertificateService.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use App\Models\CertificateTemplate;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
 use Intervention\Image\ImageManager;
 use Intervention\Image\Drivers\Gd\Driver;
+use Intervention\Image\Encoders\JpegEncoder;
 use Intervention\Image\Typography\FontFactory;
 
 class CertificateService
@@ -32,21 +33,19 @@ class CertificateService
                 throw new \RuntimeException('Template sijil tidak dijumpai.');
             }
 
-            $templatePath = Storage::path($template->image_path);
+            $templatePath = Storage::disk('local')->path($template->image_path);
             if (! file_exists($templatePath)) {
                 throw new \RuntimeException('Fail template sijil tidak dijumpai di storage.');
             }
 
-            $image = $this->manager->read($templatePath);
+            $image  = $this->manager->decodePath($templatePath);
             $config = $template->config_json ?? [];
             $fields = $config['fields'] ?? [];
 
-            // Overlay name
             if (isset($fields['name'])) {
                 $this->writeText($image, $certificate->participant->name, $fields['name']);
             }
 
-            // Overlay certificate number if configured
             if (isset($fields['certificate_no']) && $certificate->certificate_no) {
                 $this->writeText($image, $certificate->certificate_no, $fields['certificate_no']);
             }
@@ -54,8 +53,9 @@ class CertificateService
             $outputDir  = 'certificates/' . $certificate->program_id;
             $outputFile = $outputDir . '/' . $certificate->uuid . '.jpg';
 
-            Storage::makeDirectory($outputDir);
-            $image->toJpeg(90)->save(Storage::path($outputFile));
+            Storage::disk('local')->makeDirectory($outputDir);
+            $image->encode(new JpegEncoder(90))
+                  ->save(Storage::disk('local')->path($outputFile));
 
             $certificate->update([
                 'file_path'    => $outputFile,
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ class CertificateService
 
     public function generatePreview(CertificateTemplate $template, string $sampleName, string $sampleNo = ''): string
     {
-        $templatePath = Storage::path($template->image_path);
-        $image = $this->manager->read($templatePath);
+        $templatePath = Storage::disk('local')->path($template->image_path);
+        $image  = $this->manager->decodePath($templatePath);
         $config = $template->config_json ?? [];
         $fields = $config['fields'] ?? [];
 
@@ -86,25 +86,24 @@ class CertificateService
             $this->writeText($image, $sampleNo, $fields['certificate_no']);
         }
 
-        return $image->toJpeg(85)->toString();
+        return $image->encode(new JpegEncoder(85))->toString();
     }
 
-    private function writeText(\Intervention\Image\Image $image, string $text, array $cfg): void
+    private function writeText(\Intervention\Image\Interfaces\ImageInterface $image, string $text, array $cfg): void
     {
         $fontFile  = $this->resolveFontPath($cfg['font_file'] ?? 'DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf');
-        $fontSize  = (int)   ($cfg['font_size']   ?? 48);
-        $fontColor = (string)($cfg['font_color']  ?? '#000000');
-        $align     = (string)($cfg['align']       ?? 'center');
+        $fontSize  = (int)   ($cfg['font_size']  ?? 48);
+        $fontColor = (string)($cfg['font_color'] ?? '#000000');
+        $align     = (string)($cfg['align']      ?? 'center');
         $valign    = (string)($cfg['valign']      ?? 'top');
-        $x         = (int)   ($cfg['x']           ?? 0);
-        $y         = (int)   ($cfg['y']            ?? 0);
+        $x         = (int)   ($cfg['x']          ?? 0);
+        $y         = (int)   ($cfg['y']           ?? 0);
 
         $image->text($text, $x, $y, function (FontFactory $font) use ($fontFile, $fontSize, $fontColor, $align, $valign) {
             $font->filename($fontFile);
             $font->size($fontSize);
             $font->color($fontColor);
-            $font->align($align);
-            $font->valign($valign);
+            $font->align($align, $valign);  // v4: satu kaedah untuk horizontal + vertical
         });
     }